hard disk - definition. What is hard disk
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DATA STORAGE DEVICE
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  • 2.5-inch SATA drive on top of 3.5-inch SATA drive, showing close-up of (7-pin) data and (15-pin) power connectors
  • A newer 2.5-inch (63.5 mm) 6,495 MB HDD compared to an older 5.25-inch full-height 110 MB HDD
  • Recording of single magnetisations of bits on a 200&nbsp;MB HDD-platter (recording made visible using CMOS-MagView).<ref name="AutoMK-9" />
  • Diagram of HDD manufacturer consolidation
  • access-date= December 1, 2019 }}</ref>
  • read-write head]], showing the side facing the platter
  • Video of modern HDD operation (cover removed)
  • A disassembled and labeled 1997 HDD lying atop a mirror
  • An HDD with disks and motor hub removed, exposing copper-colored stator coils surrounding a bearing in the center of the spindle motor. The orange stripe along the side of the arm is a thin printed-circuit cable, the spindle bearing is in the center and the actuator is in the upper left.
  • Close-up of an HDD head resting on a disk platter; its mirror reflection is visible on the platter surface. Unless the head is on a landing zone, the heads touching the platters while in operation can be catastrophic.
  • Diagram labeling the major components of a computer HDD
  • An overview of how HDDs work
  • Hot-swappable]] HDD enclosure
  • Head stack with an actuator coil on the left and read/write heads on the right
  • Internals of a 2.5-inch laptop hard disk drive
  • Longitudinal recording (standard) & [[perpendicular recording]] diagram
  • 2022}}, Seagate offers capacities up to 20TB.
  • Seagate]] HDD that used the [[Parallel ATA]] interface
  • 8-, 5.25-, 3.5-, 2.5-, 1.8- and 1-inch HDDs, together with a ruler to show the size of platters and read-write heads
  • Destroyed hard disk, glass platter visible
  • Two high-end consumer SATA 2.5-inch 10,000&nbsp;rpm HDDs, factory-mounted in 3.5-inch adapter frames
  • Two 2.5" external USB hard drives

hard disk         
<storage> (In contrast to floppy disk) A magnetic disk data storage device where the disks are rigid and fixed to a central axle. They are usually packaged with associated read/write heads and electronics. Most hard disks are permanently connected to the drive (fixed disks) though there are also removable hard disks. See magnetic disk. (2007-06-14)
hard disk         
(also hard drive)
¦ noun Computing a rigid non-removable magnetic disk with a large data storage capacity.
hard disk         
(hard disks)
A computer's hard disk is a stiff magnetic disk on which data and programs can be stored.
N-COUNT

ويكيبيديا

Hard disk drive

A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk, is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material. The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually arranged on a moving actuator arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces. Data is accessed in a random-access manner, meaning that individual blocks of data can be stored and retrieved in any order. HDDs are a type of non-volatile storage, retaining stored data when powered off. Modern HDDs are typically in the form of a small rectangular box.

Introduced by IBM in 1956, HDDs were the dominant secondary storage device for general-purpose computers beginning in the early 1960s. HDDs maintained this position into the modern era of servers and personal computers, though personal computing devices produced in large volume, like cell phones and tablets, rely on flash memory storage devices. More than 224 companies have produced HDDs historically, though after extensive industry consolidation most units are manufactured by Seagate, Toshiba, and Western Digital. HDDs dominate the volume of storage produced (exabytes per year) for servers. Though production is growing slowly (by exabytes shipped), sales revenues and unit shipments are declining because solid-state drives (SSDs) have higher data-transfer rates, higher areal storage density, somewhat better reliability, and much lower latency and access times.

The revenues for SSDs, most of which use NAND flash memory, slightly exceeded those for HDDs in 2018. Flash storage products had more than twice the revenue of hard disk drives as of 2017. Though SSDs have four to nine times higher cost per bit, they are replacing HDDs in applications where speed, power consumption, small size, high capacity and durability are important. As of 2019, the cost per bit of SSDs is falling, and the price premium over HDDs has narrowed.

The primary characteristics of an HDD are its capacity and performance. Capacity is specified in unit prefixes corresponding to powers of 1000: a 1-terabyte (TB) drive has a capacity of 1,000 gigabytes (GB; where 1 gigabyte = 1 billion (109) bytes). Typically, some of an HDD's capacity is unavailable to the user because it is used by the file system and the computer operating system, and possibly inbuilt redundancy for error correction and recovery. There can be confusion regarding storage capacity, since capacities are stated in decimal gigabytes (powers of 1000) by HDD manufacturers, whereas the most commonly used operating systems report capacities in powers of 1024, which results in a smaller number than advertised. Performance is specified as the time required to move the heads to a track or cylinder (average access time), the time it takes for the desired sector to move under the head (average latency, which is a function of the physical rotational speed in revolutions per minute), and finally the speed at which the data is transmitted (data rate).

The two most common form factors for modern HDDs are 3.5-inch, for desktop computers, and 2.5-inch, primarily for laptops. HDDs are connected to systems by standard interface cables such as PATA (Parallel ATA), SATA (Serial ATA), USB or SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) cables.

أمثلة من مجموعة نصية لـ٪ 1
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